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1.
Rev. esp. cardiol. Supl. (Ed. impresa) ; 7(supl.E): 72e-79e, 2007. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-166230

RESUMO

El uso de los stents recubiertos, más allá de las recomendaciones de las guías de práctica clínica, ha originado nuevas cuestiones que inicialmente no se habían tenido en cuenta. El principal problema que ha surgido es el de la trombosis del stent, la terapia necesaria para prevenirlo y la duración de ésta. Este fenómeno se ha clasificado temporalmente en trombosis precoz (cuando sucede dentro del primer mes), trombosis tardía (entre los 30 días y un año) y trombosis muy tardía (después de un año). Actualmente, se ha puesto de manifiesto que es posible que los pacientes a los que se ha implantado un stent recubierto puedan tener trombosis de éste después de los 12 meses de su implantación; además, antes de este período la trombosis del stent se ha relacionado especialmente con el abandono prematuro de la doble antiagregación. Actualmente ha crecido el sentir de que después de la implantación de un stent recubierto es necesario mantener la doble antiagregación durante un tiempo prolongado. La necesidad de tratamiento antiagregante durante períodos muy prolongados ha generado un especial interés, por el posible incremento del riesgo hemorrágico y por el fenómeno de la resistencia a los antiagregantes. La causa fundamental de resistencia es una mala adhesión terapéutica, pero también, posiblemente, una variabilidad genética a la respuesta de los antiagregantes; asimismo, un factor no menos importante sería el posible tratamiento concomitante con fármacos con un potencial efecto protrombótico. Posiblemente, la resistencia a los antiagregantes puede tratarse mediante un incremento de las dosis de antiagregantes, aunque no hay muchos datos sobre su seguridad a largo plazo. Por otra parte, se encuentran en fase de investigación clínica nuevos fármacos, que es posible que puedan paliar alguno de los problemas actuales de la doble antiagregación mantenida a largo plazo (AU)


The use of drug-eluting stents outside of clinical practice guideline recommendations has given rise to novel concerns that were not initially taken into account. The main problem that has arisen is stent thrombosis, and the type and duration of therapy necessary to prevent it. This phenomenon is classified as either early (i.e., occurring in the first month), late (i.e., occurring between the 30th day and one year), or very late thrombosis (i.e., occurring after one year). In fact, it has become clear that stent thrombosis can occur more than 12 months after implantation of a drug-eluting stent. However, stent thrombosis occurring before this time has been associated, in particular, with the premature discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy. In fact, it is increasingly felt that dual antiplatelet therapy must be maintained for a prolonged period after implantation of a drug-eluting stent. This need to continue antiplatelet therapy for a prolonged period of time has led to specific concerns about the risk of hemorrhage and the development of antiplatelet resistance. The main cause of antiplatelet resistance is poor compliance with therapy, though it may also be associated with genetic variability in antiplatelet responses and, of no less importance, concomitant treatment with drugs that have a potential prothrombotic effect. Probably, antiplatelet resistance can be managed by increasing the antiplatelet dosage, though few data exist on the long-term safety of this approach. On the other hand, clinical research is taking place into new drugs that could ameliorate some of current problems associated with long-term dual antiplatelet therapy (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Stents Farmacológicos , Aspirina/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/administração & dosagem , Trombose/tratamento farmacológico
2.
Rev Esp Cardiol ; 56(4): 338-45, 2003 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12689567

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: We use clinical, ECG, and biochemical data to stratify risk in patients with chest pain without ST segment elevation. However, the prognostic performance of these studies in relation to time from onset of symptoms is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHOD: In a single-center, prospective study, 321 consecutive patients who had been admitted in the emergency room with a suspected acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation were included in the study. Blood samples were collected for CK, CK-MB mass, myoglobin, and cardiac troponin T analysis 6, 12 and 18 hours after the onset of pain and other clinical and ECG data were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to identify independent prognostic predictors 6 and 12 hours after the onset of chest pain. RESULTS: Five variables were independent predictors of the recurrence of ischemia. The model correctly classified 82% of the patients. Age, history of coronary artery disease, prolonged chest pain at rest in the preceding 15 days, pain, ST-segment changes with pain, and cardiac troponin T in excess of 0.1 ng/m 12 hours after the onset of chest pain were identified by logistic regression. A similar model was analyzed at 6 hours, after changing the cutoff point for cardiac troponin T. Cardiac troponin T was considered positive with values of 0.04 ng/ml 6 hours after the onset of chest pain. CONCLUSIONS: More than 80% of the patients admitted to the emergency room with chest pain without ST segment elevation can be correctly classified for new ischemic recurrences using clinical, ECG, and biochemical parameters 6 hours after the onset of pain.


Assuntos
Dor no Peito/diagnóstico , Idoso , Análise Química do Sangue , Dor no Peito/sangue , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco/métodos
3.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 56(4): 338-345, abr. 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-28034

RESUMO

Introducción. Utilizamos datos clínicos, ECG y bioquímicos en la estratificación pronóstica inicial de los pacientes con dolor torácico sin ascenso persistente del segmento ST. Su rendimiento pronóstico global, basado en el tiempo desde el inicio de los síntomas, no ha sido estudiado .Pacientes y método. Estudio unicéntrico y prospectivo de 321 pacientes consecutivos que acudieron a urgencias con sospecha de síndrome coronario agudo sin ascenso persistente del segmento ST y menos de 12 h de evolución. Se determinaron la creatincinasa (CK), la CKMB masa, la mioglobina y la troponina T cardíaca a las 6, 12 y 18 h desde el inicio del cuadro. Analizamos de manera uni y multivariada las variables clínicas, ECG y bioquímicas para identificar predictores pronósticos independientes a las 6 y 12 h, valorando el rendimiento pronóstico global. Resultados. En el análisis de regresión logística, 5 variables obtenidas resultaron predictoras independientes para nuevos acontecimientos cardiovasculares y permitieron clasificar correctamente al 82 por ciento de los pacientes: edad, cardiopatía isquémica previa, dolor prolongado en los 15 días previos, dolor y cambios del segmento ST con dolor y troponina T superior a 0,1 ng/ml a las 12 h del inicio del dolor. La troponina T, considerada positiva con valores superiores a 0,04 ng/ml a las 6 h, permite un modelo a las 6 h similar al de las 12 h. Conclusiones. Es posible identificar correctamente la evolución clínica de más del 80 por ciento de los pacientes que ingresan con dolor torácico sin ascenso del segmento ST con variables clínicas, ECG y bioquímicas en el plazo de 6 h desde el inicio del cuadro (AU)


Assuntos
Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Análise Multivariada , Medição de Risco , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise Química do Sangue , Dor no Peito , Eletrocardiografia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes
4.
Rev Esp Cardiol ; 55(9): 913-20, 2002 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12236920

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of biochemical markers in relation to time since onset of chest pain was evaluated in an emergency room with a chest pain unit. METHODS: In a single-center, prospective study we included 321 consecutive patients admitted to the emergency room with suspected unstable angina IIIB and an evolution of less than 12 hours. Blood samples were collected for CPK, CPK MB mass, myoglobin, and cardiac troponin T assays 6, 12, and 18 h after the onset of pain. ROC curve analysis was carried out to compare biochemical markers in terms of cutoff values and time since onset of pain. We determined the relation between prognosis and biochemical markers before and after adjustment for baseline characteristics. RESULTS: CPK mass and myoglobin showed the maximum sensitivity and specificity for new ischemic recurrences 6 hours after the onset of chest pain with laboratory cutoff values. We had to wait 12 h after the onset of pain for troponin T to be useful using the laboratory cutoff value (0.1 ng/ml). A single determination 6 hours after onset of chest pain of cardiac troponin T above 0.04 ng/ml was the most sensitive and specific marker for new ischemic recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: A single blood determination of cardiac troponin T 6 hours after the onset of chest pain complete the prognostic stratification in combination with clinical and ECG variables. The best cutoff point of cardiac troponin T, based on univariate and multivariate analysis, was 0.04 ng/ml 6 h after the onset of chest pain.


Assuntos
Dor no Peito/sangue , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Mioglobina/sangue , Troponina T/sangue , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Unidades de Cuidados Coronarianos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Prospectivos
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